Wednesday, March 25, 2009

Reviews of Top Teeth Whiteners


In an attempt to determine the most effective teeth whitening products and methods, our market research group chose a panel of consumers to test and rate 6 of the most popular treatments on the market. Before you spend your money, take a look at the results of this independent comparison.


Reclaim the brightest smile of your life!

You've only got one chance to make a first impression. With an effective, easy teeth whitener, you're one step closer to getting back that brilliant smile you used to have-before years of exposure to soda, coffee, nicotine, and other environmental factors stripped your tooth enamel of its original pearly color. With a brighter smile, you'll gain the confidence to use it more often, projecting a friendlier, more approachable aura.

If you've ever walked down the oral care aisle of your local grocery store, you know there are a dizzying number of teeth whiteners on the market. Evaluating the hundreds of choices and narrowing it down to just one can be an overwhelming prospect. We started this review site to make it easier for consumers like you to find an effective, affordable product without shelling out your hard-earned money on so-called "solutions" that produce sub-par results-or simply don't work at all.

For this review, we chose a few of the most widely advertised teeth whitener products. Next, we selected 12 random consumers to test the products. Each consumer tested two different products for a period of 14 days, at which point we measured the difference in the shades of their teeth before and after using the whitener. Based on the results, we've compiled an in-depth comparison to help you make an informed buying decision. As you'll see below, some of the products produced significant results, others were mediocre, and some turned out to be complete gimmicks that didn't live up to their claims at all. In addition to measuring effectiveness, we also evaluated each product's convenience and ease of use.

We know you're busy-you've got better things to do with your time and money than test dozens of teeth whiteners. With this comprehensive review guide, you can cut through the fraudulent claims to find a reputable, effective product that will help you get the brighter, whiter smile you deserve.

The teeth whiteners we tested are listed in order from most effective to least effective.



Number: Product Image: Review: Rating: Site Link

Vibrant White. Among the products we reviewed, this one was by far the most effective.

Guarantee: Right away, we were impressed by the 60-day money back guarantee, a sign that the company really stands behind its product. If you don't see a significant difference after using Vibrant White, they'll refund your money within a two-month period-pretty impressive.

Value: We were also impressed by Vibrant White's extraordinary value. They're currently running a promotion that offers a 28% discount off the retail price when you order from their website-plus, they ship for free!

Results: The first consumer who tested Vibrant White had very yellow, nicotine-stained teeth. She began seeing noticeable results within just a couple of days, and at the end of the 14-day testing period, her teeth were an amazing 9 shades whiter than before! She reported no tooth sensitivity, and there were never any unsightly blotches. The second tester reported an improvement of 7-8 shades whiter.

Ease of Use: Vibrant White was quick and easy to use-there were no messy trays or awkward syringes, just a convenient whitening pen with a simple brush-on applicator. The pen is easy, non-invasive, and mess-free.

Effective, easy, and affordable, Vibrant White was hands-down the #1 choice among the teeth whiteners included in our review.

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In Office - Most modern dental offices offer professional teeth whitening services, where the patient makes a special appointment to have their teeth whitened by a trained technician. Our testers enlisted the services of their chosen dental professionals to evaluate the treatment's safety and effectiveness.

Results: The testers' teeth were significantly whitened after a single treatment-although they reported that they didn't think it was worth the discomfort and cost.

Value: Professional teeth whitening isn't cheap. You can expect to pay a minimum of $300, and the cost can go much higher if you have very yellow, stained teeth. Our testers paid right around $400 for treatments, which can easily equate to a week's worth of pay!

Comfort: Although in-office treatments are effective, they can cause significant pain and sensitivity. For three days following our test subjects' whitening procedures, they reported an almost unbearable soreness and sensitivity in the teeth and gums area. Also, their diets were strictly limited for a 5-day period, as artificially colored foods can cause burning and blistering of the mouth.

For those who experience teeth and gum sensitivity or don't have the extra money to spend on expensive treatments, in-office whitening is probably not a viable option.

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Crest Whitestrips Premium Plus Crest White Strips Premium Plus: Although this product was somewhat effective, we weren't impressed by the steep price, teeth sensitivity, or messy application reported by the test subjects.

Results: After our 14-day testing period, we measured a teeth lightening of 3-4 shades-much better than some other products, but not nearly as effective as the Vibrant White product we also tested.

Comfort: Our test subjects experienced a large amount of tooth sensitivity and discomfort with this product, as well as a painful sensation during the actual application of the strips.

Ease of Use: The strips were awkward to apply and fairly messy. Once they were in place, it was very difficult to keep them in direct, even contact with all teeth surfaces. They often folded over and caused gel dispersion throughout the mouth. The strips only covered the front surfaces of teeth, and did not whiten back teeth or molars at all. Our testers also experienced some white stains on their hands when the strips came into contact with their skin. While wearing the strips, common activities like speaking and showering become difficult or impossible, adversely impacting the convenience of this product.

While Crest White Strips performed better than other products, we were disappointed by the high price and the reports of the messy, cumbersome application.

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Crest Original Whitening Strips While this product performed as expected, it's not nearly as effective as some better products on the market.

Results: Our testers' teeth were lightened by 1-2 shades in a 2-week period, although back teeth and molars were not lightened at all.

Comfort: Although this product caused some degree of tooth and gum sensitivity, it was reported as more bearable than the Crest White Strips Premium.

Ease of Use: Our testers found it inconvenient to set aside a full 30 minutes each day to wear the strips. The application was also rather messy, with the strips not adhering well to the surface of the teeth and gel getting dispersed throughout the mouth. It was difficult to engage in other activities while wearing the strips.

Similar to the Crest White Strips Premium, we found this product to be marginally effective, but awkward and messy to use.

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GoSmile Although our testers experienced marginal lightening, we found this product to be cost-prohibitive.

Results: We measured a lightening of 2-3 shades in a 2-week period. (We should note that in other reviews, users reported seeing only a slight improvement after several application cycles.)

Value: With a price that doubles most of its competitors, GoSmile is probably not a viable option for budget-conscious consumers.

If you're looking for a product that works, you can do worse than GoSmile, but you can also do much better. Also, the price point puts it at a disadvantage when compared to more economical options.

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Aquafresh White Trays Among the 6 items we tested, this was by far the biggest disappointment.

Results: We only saw 2 shades of whitening after 8 days of use, at which point one of the testers had to discontinue use due to extreme tooth sensitivity.

Ease of Use: This product requires the use of awkward trays that are very difficult to keep in place. Plus, each application takes a whopping 45 minutes-and with today's busy, fast-paced lifestyles, that's practically impossible.

Comfort: As stated above, one of the testers had to stop using Aquafresh White Trays after 8 days due to extreme tooth sensitivity. He was experiencing a high level of pain and aching in the gums and teeth.

We would not recommend this product to anyone who experiences teeth and gum sensitivity or who needs quick, noticeable results. We expected far better performance and design from such a well-known brand.

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Closing Words:

Your smile is one of your most noticeable and influential traits. After using Vibrant White to achieve a brighter, whiter smile, our testers reported an instant change in the way they were perceived and treated by others. When they started smiling more often, they reported greater levels of confidence and approachability, resulting in a dramatic increase in their overall quality of life. As a result of our study, we would recommend Vibrant White to anyone who wants to quickly, effectively, and affordably whiten their teeth without investing a lot of time and money. For results, guarantee, and value, you really can't do any better.


Friday, March 20, 2009

แค่ตีกอล์ฟก็อาจทำให้คุณหูหนวกได้ ( Is golf bad for your hearing? )




A 55 year old right handed man presented to the ear, nose, and throat outpatient clinic with tinnitus and reduced hearing in his right ear. Clinical examination was unremarkable. His pure tone audiogram showed an asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, worse on the right, with a decrease on that side at 4-6 kHz (fig 1Go) typical of a noise induced hearing loss.1 He had been playing golf with a King Cobra LD titanium club three times a week for 18 months and commented that the noise of the club hitting the ball was "like a gun going off." It had become so unpleasant that he had been forced to discard the club.

Figure 1
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Fig 1 Pure tone audiogram showing sensorineural hearing loss on the right, with a noise induced drop at 4-6 kHz


Magnetic resonance imaging of his internal acoustic meati showed no abnormality, and we deduced that his asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss was attributable to the noise of the golf club. Other than regular golf, he had no history of prolonged occupational or recreational exposure to loud noises (such as shooting) or exposure to ototoxic substances to account for this noise induced loss.

Our internet search of reviews for the King Cobra LD club found some interesting comments:

"Drives my mates crazy with that distinctive loud ‘BANG’ sound. Have never heard another club that makes so distinctive a sound. It can be heard all over the course, it is mad!!"
"A very forgiving club . . . albeit the ‘unusual’ clanking sound."
"I don’t mind the loud BANG as it sounds like the ball goes a really long way. It sounds like an aluminium baseball bat, so some may not like it."
"This is not so much a ting but a sonic boom which resonates across the course!"

Diagnosis of noise damage

Guidelines exist to help diagnose noise induced hearing loss, setting out three requirements and four modifying factors that must be considered to formulate a firm diagnosis.1 Our patient’s audiogram met the requirements for a high frequency hearing impairment. His hearing was at least 10 dB worse at 4-6 kHz than at 1-2 kHz, and there was a downward notch of at least 20 dB in the 3-6 kHz range (fig 1Go). The remaining requirement—continuous noise exposure of 100 dB (or 90 dB for susceptible individuals)—does not apply in this case as we are dealing with impact (50 µs) noise. The modifying factors were also consistent with noise induced impairment.

He had no previous history of noise exposure, and the tinnitus described was a characteristic of noise exposure. In addition, calculation of Robinson-Sutton’s equations2 confirmed that in a man of 55 years, age induced hearing loss (presbyacusis) could not account for the loss at 4-6 kHz in his right ear, and that it must have been due to noise exposure.

Noisy clubs

The coefficient of restitution (COR) of a golf club is a measure of the elasticity or efficiency of energy transfer between a golf ball and club head. The United States Golf Association, in conjunction with the Royal and Ancient, St Andrews, Scotland, stipulates that the upper limit of COR for a golf club in competition use is 0.83.3 This means that a club head striking a ball at 100 miles per hour (mph) will cause the ball to travel at 83 mph. Thinner faced titanium clubs, such as the King Cobra LD, have a greater COR and deform on impact more easily, the so called trampoline effect, not only propelling the ball further, but resulting in a louder noise. The King Cobra LD and Nike SQ both have CORs above 0.83, making them non-conforming for competitions.3

The experience of our patient prompted us to study the sound levels produced by different golf drivers. A professional golfer hit three two-piece golf balls with six thin faced titanium golf drivers and six standard thicker faced stainless steel golf drivers. We used a modular precision sound level meter (Brüel and Kjær) to record the levels of sound impulse (dB). The distance from the right ear of the golfer to the point of impact between the golf club and ball was 1.7 m. We therefore positioned the sound meter 1.7 m from the point of impact.

The thin faced titanium clubs all produced greater sound levels than the stainless steel clubs (fig 2Go). Interestingly, the club used by our patient (King Cobra LD) was not the loudest. Our results show that thin faced titanium drivers may produce sufficient sound to induce temporary, or even permanent, cochlear damage, in susceptible individuals. The study presents anecdotal evidence that caution should be exercised by golfers who play regularly with thin faced titanium drivers to avoid damage to their hearing.

Figure 2
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Fig 2 Comparison of peak emitted sound levels (dB) between thicker faced stainless steel (yellow) and thin faced titanium (red) golf drivers when hit three times by a professional golfer


Cite this as: BMJ 2008;337:a2835


Contributors: MAB initiated the study, took sound level measurements, and swung a few golf clubs, JMW and JEF took sound level measurements, and PRP provided clinical care to the patient. MAB is the guarantor. Competing interests: None declared.
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กีฬาบางประเภทอาจมีการใช้เสียงดังอย่างเห็นได้ชัด เช่นการยิงปืน ซึ่งอาจทำให้เกิดหูหนวกจากการได้ยินเสียงดังมาก (Noise-induced Hearing Loss) แต่สำหรับกอล์ฟที่ดูเหมือนจะเงียบๆ แล้วก็อาจทำให้หูหนวกได้

มีรายงานจาก Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital พบผู้ป่วยที่การได้ยินผิดปกติ หลังจากการตีกอล์ฟ โดยผู้เคราะห์ร้ายคนนี้ไม่ได้ทำอย่างอื่นที่มีเสียงดังเลยนอกจากการหวดลูก กอล์ฟด้วยไม้กอล์ฟ King Cobra รุ่น LD ซึ่งได้รับการกล่าวขานว่าเสียงดังเวลาหวดลูก ผู้ป่วยรายดังกล่าวได้รับการวินิจฉัยว่าการสูญเสียการได้ยินนั้นเกิดจากการ ได้รับเสียงดัง

เนื่องจากความสงสัยในเสียงที่ดังนี้ ทำให้ทางทีมแพทย์ที่รักษาทดลองเอาไม้กอล์ฟชนิดต่างๆ มาตีลูกแล้ววัดระดับเสียงที่เกิดขึ้น ผลปรากฎว่าไม้กอล์ฟรุ่นดังกล่าวส่งเสียงดังถึงเกือบ 130 เดซิเบล เวลาหวดลูก (เทียบเท่ากับเครื่องบินเจ็ตที่อยู่ห่างจากคนฟัง 100 ฟุตเลยทีเดียว) นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าไม้กอล์ฟอีกหลายรุ่นโดยเฉพาะที่ทำจากไทเทเนียมทำให้เกิด เสียงดังมาก


การพักอาศัยอยู่ใกล้สายไฟฟ้าแรงสูงเป็นเวลานานๆ อาจทำให้สมองเสื่อม ( Residence Near Power Lines and Mortality From Neurodegenerative Diseases )




The relation between residential magnetic field exposure from power lines and mortality from neurodegenerative conditions was analyzed among 4.7 million persons of the Swiss National Cohort (linking mortality and census data), covering the period 2000–2005. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the relation of living in the proximity of 220–380 kV power lines and the risk of death from neurodegenerative diseases, with adjustment for a range of potential confounders. Overall, the adjusted hazard ratio for Alzheimer's disease in persons living within 50 m of a 220–380 kV power line was 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 1.92) compared with persons who lived at a distance of 600 m or more. There was a dose-response relation with respect to years of residence in the immediate vicinity of power lines and Alzheimer's disease: Persons living at least 5 years within 50 m had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.51 (95% CI: 0.91, 2.51), increasing to 1.78 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.96) with at least 10 years and to 2.00 (95% CI: 1.21, 3.33) with at least 15 years. The pattern was similar for senile dementia. There was little evidence for an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis.

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คนเรามักจะมีความรู้สึกไม่ดีเมื่อต้องอยู่บ้านที่ใกล้สายไฟฟ้าแรงสูงเสมอ แต่ก็ยังไม่มีการศึกษาที่ดูแนวโน้มดังกล่าวมาก่อน วันนี้ คุณ Anke Huss และนักวิจัยจาก University of Bern สวิตเซอร์แลนด์ ได้คำตอบบางส่วนแล้วครับ

นักวิจัยได้ทำการศึกษาชาวสวิสที่อยู่ใกล้สายไฟฟ้าแรงสูงขนาด 220-380kV ในช่วงปี 2000 ถึง 2005 โดยเมื่อทำการขจัดตัวแปรกวนออกไปแล้วพบว่า ผู้ที่พักอาศัยอยู่ใกล้สายไฟฟ้าแรงสูงในระยะ 50 เมตรมีโอกาสไม่แตกต่างจากผู้ที่อยู่ไกลออกไปในการเกิดโรคอัลไซเมอร์ (ถ้าพูดเป็นภาษาสถิติคือมีโอกาสเป็น 1.24 เท่าโดย 95%CI 0.80-1.92)

อย่างไรก็ดีเมื่อคิดเรื่องเวลาแล้ว ผู้ที่อาศัยเป็นเวลานานกว่า 10 ปี และ 15 ปีมีโอกาสเป็นอัลไซเมอร์มากกว่าผู้ที่อยู่ไม่ถึง 5 ปีอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ โดยผู้ที่อยู่ใกล้สายไฟฟ้า 10 ปีมีโอกาสเป็นอัลไซเมอร์มากกว่า 1.51 เท่า (95%CI 0.91-2.51) และผู้ที่อยู่นานถึง 15 ปีมีโอกาสเป็นมากกว่า 1.78 เท่า (95%CI 1.07-2.96) นอกจากนี้ผลการศึกษากับโรคสมองเสื่อมในวัยชรา (senile dementia) ยังพบความเสี่ยงในแบบเดียวกัน แต่สำหรับโรคอื่นเช่นพาร์กินสันแล้วไม่พบความสัมพันธ์ดังกล่าว

โรคอัลไซเมอร์ (Alzheimer’s disease) คือโรคสมองเสื่อมชนิดหนึ่งที่มีอาการความจำเสื่อม บุคลิกภาพเสื่อมและไม่สามารถทำงานได้ตามปกติ ผู้ป่วยส่วนใหญ่มักมีปัญหาในการดูแลตนเองเช่นไม่สามารถทานอาหารได้เองหรือ เข้าห้องน้ำเองได้ สาเหตุยังไม่เป็นที่แน่ชัดแต่เชื่อว่าเกิดจากการสะสมของโปรตีน Amyloid beta ในสมอง


ก๊าซไข่เน่า = Viagra! (Fart molecule could be next Viagra )





THE stink of flatulence and rotten eggs could provide a surprising lift for men. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) causes erections in rats and may one day provide an alternative to Viagra for men.

The penis is packed with spongy tissue that produces an erection when it fills with blood. Nitric oxide (NO) helps relax the walls of arteries that supply the penis, allowing extra blood to flow in. Viagra works by blocking an enzyme that destroys NO.

H2S has recently been shown to relax the walls of major blood vessels too. Now Giuseppe Cirino at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy and his colleagues have found enzymes that produce H2S in human penile tissue. Injecting this tissue with H2S dilated the blood vessels, while injecting it into the penises of live rats produced erections (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807974105).

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อาจจะฟังดูไม่น่าเชื่อเท่าไรที่ไฮโดรเจนซัลไฟด์ (H2S) หรือที่เรียกกันทั่วไปว่าก๊าซไข่เน่าสามารถช่วยให้องคชาติแข็งตัวได้เช่น เดียวกับ Viagra

การแข็งตัว (erection) ขององคชาติเกิดจากการที่เลือดสูบฉีดเข้าไปในเนื้อเยื่อขององคชาติซึ่งมี ลักษณะคล้ายฟองน้ำ ตามธรรมชาติไนตริกออกไซด์ (NO) จะไปทำให้ผนังของเส้นเลือดแดงที่ไปเลี้ยงองคชาติคลายตัว เลือดจึงเข้าไปได้มากขึ้น องคชาติจึงแข็งตัวได้ ดังนั้นหลักการการทำงานของ Viagra ก็คือเข้าไปทำลายเอนไซม์ที่ใช้ในการสลายไนตริกออกไซด์นั่นเอง

จากการศึกษาของ Giuseppe Cirino และคณะที่มหาวิยาลัย University of Naples Federico II ในประเทศอิตาลี พบว่าในเนื้อเยื่อองคชาติของมนุษย์มีเอนไซม์ที่ใช้ในการสร้างไฮโดรเจน ซัลไฟด์ และเมื่อทำการทดลองฉีดโมเลกุลไฮโดรเจนซัลไฟด์เข้าไปในเนื้อเยื่อองคชาติก็มี ผลทำให้ผนังเซลล์ของเส้นเลือดในองคชาติขยายตัว แอกจากนี้เมื่อฉีดไฮโดรเจนซัลไฟด์เข้าไปในหนูทดลอง ก็สามารถทำให้องคชาติของหนูแข็งตัวได้เช่นเดียวกับไนตริกออกไซด์อีกด้วย

ป.ล. สำหรับท่านชายที่สนใจก็อย่าเพิ่งรีบร้อนไปดมก๊าซ ไข่เน่านะครับ นอกจากจะไม่ได้ผลตามที่ต้องการแล้ว อาจจะได้ไปสวรรค์กันจริงๆ เพราะว่าก๊าซไข่เน่าเป็นก๊าซพิษนะครับ


การจราจรอาจเพิ่มความเสี่ยงในการเป็นโรคหัวใจ (Traffic Triples Heart Attack Risk)





Study Shows Even Passengers Risk Heart Attack in Heavy Traffic; Exhaust Fumes Blamed

March 13, 2009 -- Whether you drive, take the bus, or bicycle, being in heavy traffic triples your risk of heart attack within one hour.

Air pollution from car fumes is the likely culprit, suggest Annette Peters, PhD, and colleagues at the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany.

In a previous study, Peters and colleagues found that a sizeable proportion of heart attacks -- about 8% -- could be attributed to being in traffic.

To follow up, the researchers interviewed 1,454 people who survived heart attacks. In the hour before their heart attack, many of the survivors had been in heavy traffic.

Analysis of the data showed that these heart-attack-vulnerable people were 3.2 times more likely to suffer a heart attack if they'd been in heavy traffic in the previous hour.

"One potential factor could be the exhaust and air pollution coming from other cars," Peters says in a news release. "But we can't exclude the synergy between stress and air pollution that could tip the balance."

Making it less likely that stress was involved was the fact that patients didn't have to be driving; the risk was the same whether they were driving or taking the bus.

Traffic appeared to be five times more dangerous to women than to men in the study, although the relatively small number of women in the study (325) may have made this calculation less accurate.

To nail down the true culprit, Peters and colleagues are working with University of Rochester researchers to determine exactly what it is about traffic that raises heart attack risk.

In that study, 120 healthy volunteers are driving to work and running errands wearing heart monitors, while other instruments measure their exposure to air pollution and to noise. The data and findings from this trial are not yet available.

Peters reported the current findings at this week's American Heart Association (AHA) meeting in Palm Harbor, Fla.

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นักวิจัยจาก Helmholtz Center ประเทศเยอรมนี นำโดย Annette Peters กำลังศึกษาว่าความเสี่ยงการเป็นโรคหัวใจนั้นอาจเพิ่มขึ้นจากการเกี่ยวข้อง กับการจราจร

โดยทีมนักวิจัยได้สัมภาษณ์ผู้ป่วย 1,454 รายที่เป็นโรคหัวใจ เกี่ยวกับประวัติก่อนหน้าที่จะเกิดโรคว่าไปอยู่ในการจราจรที่ติดขัดหรือ เปล่า ทำให้พบว่าผู้ที่มีประวัติรถติดในหนึ่งชั่วโมงก่อนหน้านั้นมีความเสี่ยงที่ จะเป็นโรคหัวใจมากกว่าผู้ที่ไม่มีประวัติถึง 3.2 เท่าเลยทีเดียว

นักวิจัยคิดว่าสาเหตุที่สามารถอธิบายได้นั้นอาจมาจากความเครียด รวมถึงสภาพมลภาวะที่เกิดขึ้นก็เป็นได้ แต่ไม่น่าจะเป็นจากความเครียดเพียงอย่างเดียว เนื่องจากวิเคราะห์ย่อยลงไปแล้วพบว่าอัตราเสี่ยงนี้ไม่แตกต่างกันระหว่างผู้ ที่ขับรถเอง หรือใช้รถเมล์สาธารณะ

อย่างไรก็ดี นักวิจัยกำลังค้นหาต้นตอของสาเหตุ ด้วยให้อาสาสมัครที่ยังไม่เป็นโรคนั้นสวมอุปกรณ์ที่สามารถติดตามคลื่นหัวใจ รวมทั้งมลพิษจากอากาศและเสียงในบริเวณรอบๆ เพื่อศึกษา ซึ่งงานวิจัยชิ้นนี้ยังอยู่ในการดำเนินการอยู่

สำหรับอาการของโรคหัวใจนั้นมักจะมีอาการแน่นหน้าอกด้านซ้าย บางครั้งอาการปวดอาจร้าวไปที่คอหรือต้นแขนซ้าย ร่วมกับการมีเหงื่อออกปริมาณมาก โดยมักสัมพันธ์กับการออกแรง ส่วนอาการเจ็บจี๊ดๆ เหมือนโดนแทง หรือหายใจลึกๆ แล้วเจ็บนั้นมักจะเป็นโรคเกี่ยวกับกล้ามเนื้อหรือปอดมากกว่า